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Bipolar disorders can be severe, relapsing mental illnesses, sharing characteristics with both major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Like depressive disorders, bipolar and related disorders feature recurrent episodes of altered mood that interfere with cognition and functioning. Like schizophrenia, bipolar disorders may be chronic conditions that often involve psychotic episodes and similar pathological features. However, bipolar disorders should not be considered to be part of a continuum between schizophrenia and depressive disorders. Although bipolar disorders have long been recognized as being separate psychiatric disorders, the past decade has brought significant advancements in knowledge of these conditions. New information is emerging regarding prevalence, genetics, and treatment, and this information is both directing and challenging our understanding of bipolar disorders in late life.
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